Decline+of+The+Classical+Period

FALL OF ROME: The Fall of Roman was led by inflation, military problems, and Rome became too big to control. The citizens of Rome were made up by barbarians and Italians, and they created small local governments because the empire grew bigger. After the emperor Constantine ruled, his influence with Christianity led to the spilt of the empire, which only added to the fall. Rome’s military weakened and the army lost its way. The western part of the empire became more and more weak, as the eastern empire became “vibrant”. The eastern empire became known as Byzantine Empire. The spread of Christianity broke bonds with other civilization and lead to military weakness, after decades the empire finally crumbled. FALL OF CLASSICAL CHINA: The fall of Han China was due to the government becoming weak. The political aspects became more and more corrupt and local landlords to action and ruled neighborhoods as the pleased. The peasants who already were exploited with high taxes now had new taxes due to the landlords. They lost their farms and had to labor on large estates and had to sell their kids. Mean while Daoism began to rise. Daoist leader called yellow turbans promised a recovery, but their protesters failed to keep the promise. The finally act that brought Han china to an end was the invasions from surrounding nomads. FALL OF CLASSICAL INDIA: The fall of classical India was led to invasions of nomadic people, usually the Hun. The invaders goal focused on destroying the Gupta Empire. The invaders formed groups of regional princes, called Rajput and they ruled small states. This didn’t prevent the Indian culture from prospering. As Hinduism took over Buddhism declined. The religion of the Middle East called Islam tried to influence India’s religious values, but failed. In the Indian politics Hinduism succeeded. Although the Gupta Empire had fallen apart Indians religion and cast system went on. What features of nomad’s culture and society rendered them ideal agents for transmitting technology, trade goods, crops, and diseases between different cultural zones? The nomadic people have contributed to civilization developments globally. Their passages through the Silk Road linked civilizations from Asia, Rome, Middle East, and Western Europe. To protect against nomad bandits experienced merchants would control the caravans with the trading goods along the Silk Road. The nomadic people contributed to papermaking, military techniques, and tactics of warfare. Their strategies of hit and run were used. They influenced the creation of saddles, bits, and designs of bow and arrows. The invention of gun powder and cannons were also influenced by them. They helped the transfer of cultivated plants and food crops between far “civilized cores”. Since they had been around so much the transmitted diseases such as the black death to china and West of the black Sea, to the middle east and southern Europe. The Religious Map: The end of the classical period ( 200-600C.E), led major religions to erupt. From Europe to Asia political instability caused the people to look for spiritual refuge. Christianity developed 2 centuries before the fall of the Roman Empire. Buddhism expanded in to Eastern Asian as classical china ended. These two strong religions along with Hinduism, Daoism, and Islam promised a fine afterlife.

 · Reincarnation  · Polytheistic  · Extensive spiritual devotion and ceremonies  · More popular after fall of Guptas  · Maintain strong in India, led caste system Buddhism:  · Originated in India, but was pushed away due to Hinduism  · Some follower north of India  · Monks- leaders  · Spiritual dedication  · Bodhisattvas; people that could reach nirvana by their own meditation by prayer, example, and serve as saints in the world.  · Salvation  · Mahayana; were east Asia Buddhist  · Supported women  · Today 500 million people (mainly in Asia) say they are Buddhist Daoism: <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · “Reacted to Buddhism as well, by improving organization and emphasizing practical benefits obtainable through magic”-pg. 113 ||  Christianity: <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · Developed in middle east and spread westward <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · Emphasized on church organization and structure <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · “Stressed on exclusive nature of its truth and was intolerant of competing beliefs.” – pg. 113 <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · Jesus Christ believed to be Messiah <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · That was the key to Judaism <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · Jesus of Nazareth; was to be son of god sent to redeem human sins <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · Jesus preached his teachings in Israel, after his crucifixion his disciples led his teachings <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · God was supreme single being, god loved all humans despite earthly sins, and promised salvation ( afterlife) <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · Rich or poor – could follow Christianity <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · Paul, was a disciple and led Jesus’ teachings <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · Father, son ( Christ), and holy ghost <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · Constantine converted to Christianity <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · Western empire popes ruled churches <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · Celebration of Christ’s birthday was on winter solace <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · When Rome fell Christianity was a major world religion Islam: <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · Flourish in the 7th century <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · Christianities rival ||
 * Hinduism, Buddhism, and Daoism ||  Christianity and Islam  ||
 * Hinduism:

Five Pillars of Islam: 1. Devotion and belief in one god and the messenger of god/ prophet Mohammad. This is their declaration of faith called, “shadhadah”. The purpose of this is that life is purpose is to serve god under last prophet Mohammad’s teaching. 2. Prayers daily; Obligatory prayers are called Salah. Prayers are done five times a day. There is no priest, and prayer are done by those who best know the Quran and are chosen by congregation. Prayers are done at dawn, mid-day, late-afternoon, sunset and night fall. Preferred to pray in mosques, but Muslim pray anywhere. 3. Giving to charity or less fortunate; It is believed that all things are gods’ and the wealth or money are given to humans as trust. The word Zakah is both purification and growth. Each Muslim is to set aside a proportion for the needy or society in general. 4. Fasting and self – purification; Ramadan is practiced once a year and all Muslims fast from dawn to sunset. Elderly, Women on menstruating, pregnant, or nursing may abstain from fasting but can make up the days later in the year. Children may begin after puberty. 5. For those who can ; travel or visit to Makah; The pilgrimage to makkah is called hajj, and is expected of those physically and financially stable. About 2 million people visit.-http://www.islam101.com/dawah/pillars.html