Nationalism,+Industrialism,+and+Imperialism

=Nationalism: A sentiment based on common cultural characteristics that binds a population and often produces a policy of national independence or separatism, Loyalty or devotion to one's country; patriotism. = 1. Who: France's Cardinal Jules Mazarin and his great protégé Jean-Baptiste Colbert. Colbert's What: In my opinion it is the system that helped form all the states today. "In view of the currently collapsing world financial system, which is tearing apart the Mastricht Treaty, European governments have a last opportunity to abandon the failed Anglo-Dutch liberal system of private central banking and globalization, and organize the new Eurasian axis of peace centered on Russia, Germany, and France." When: Between May-October 1648 Where: Modern Day Germany Why: " To solve the collapse as sovereign nation-states with a common interest, their historical foundation is the 17th-Century Peace of Westphalia"
 * Treaty of Westphalia**

http://www.schillerinstitute.org/strategic/treaty_of_westphalia.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia

2. Nationalism (my own words): It is when unification of a nation has an affect on their actions or when one individual does something to seem patriotic. http://www.arcaini.com/ITALY/ItalyHistory/ItalianUnification.htm http://www.indepthinfo.com/history/unification-of-germany.htm
 * Unification of Italy- During the 18th century, intellectual changes began influence traditional values and Liberal ideas from France and Britain spread rapidly. In 1789 the French Revolution became the genesis of "liberal Italians". A series of political and military events resulted in a unified kingdom of Italy in 1861.Garibaldi Italian nationalist revolutionary hero and leader in the struggle for Italian unification and independence. His dream of a united Italy motivated his successful expedition against the Austrian forces in the Alps in 1859. In 1860 he conquered Sicily and set up a provisional government. Garibaldi then conquered Naples, which he then delivered to Victor Emmanuel in 1861 and returned to his home on Caprera. With the annexation of Umbria and Marches from the papal government, a united Italy was finally established in 1861 with Victor Emmanuel as its king. The Italian kingdom was missing Rome, which was still a papal possession, and Venice, which was controlled by the Austrians. Later they gained Venice in 1866 in which Prussia; Venice was its rewarded Italy for siding with them. Then, in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War, Napoleon III withdrew his troops from Rome. With the city of Rome and the remaining Papal States left unprotected, Italian troops moved into Rome without opposition. Rome voted for union with Italy in October 1870 and, in July 1871, Rome became the capital of a united Italy.
 * Unification of Germany-By the 1850s Germany was made up of 39 states led by Austria and Prussia. Jointly, they were known as the German confederation. The Hohenzollern Kings of Prussia decided to go about changing this situation in their own favor. Their objective was to unify Germany under their own rule and to completely exclude Austria. William I, King of Prussia chose a minister who could put his program into effect. He chose a fiery Junker named Otto von Bismark. n 1864 Bismark took the opportunity to ally with Austria and strip both Schleswig and Holstein from the Danes. Prussia and Austria then proceeded to occupy the duchies. He proceeded to isolate his next target, Austria. He promised Napoleon III of France that he would receive territorial compensation if France stayed out of a war between Austria and Prussia. He promised Italy the province of Venice. Austria opposed this move. In 1866 Prussia moved troops into Holstein and Austria declared war along with some other German states. Prussia destroyed the Austrian army at the battle of Sadowa. Germany was four small German states in southern Germany and the disapprobation of Napoleon III of France. To provoke a war with France, Bismark put forth the candidacy of a Hohenzollern for the throne of Spain. France was forced to give up Alsace and Lorraine (which would cause much trouble later). The remainder of the German states, excluding Austria, were annexed to Germany which now became an empire under William I and ruled largely by the Iron Chancellor.Austria was the main loser in the unification of both Germany and Italy.


 * Zionism- The national movement for the return of the Jewish people to their homeland and the resumption of Jewish sovereignty in the Land of Israel, advocated, from its inception, tangible as well as spiritual aims.


 * Brazilian Independence- The territory which would come to be known as Brazil was claimed by Portugal on 22 April 1500, when the navigator Pedro Alvares Cabral landed on its coast. Permanent settlement followed in 1532, and for the next 300 years the Portuguese slowly expanded westwards until they had reached nearly all of the borders of modern Brazil. In 1808, the army of French Emperor Napoleon I invaded Portugal, forcing the Portuguese royal family into exile. They re-established themselves in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro, which became the unofficial seat of the Portuguese Empire. In 1815, the Portuguese crown prince John VI, acting as regent, created the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, which raised the status of Brazil from colony to kingdom. He ascended the Portuguese throne the following year, after the death of his mother, Maria I of Portugal. He returned to Portugal in April 1821, leaving behind his son and heir,Prince Dom Pedro, to rule Brazil as his regent . The Portuguese government immediately moved to revoke the political autonomy that Brazil had been granted since 1808. The threat of losing their limited control over local affairs ignited widespread opposition among Brazilians.Jose Bonifacio de Andrada, along with other Brazilian leaders, convinced Pedro to declare Brazil's independence from Portugal on 7 September 1822 . On 12 October, the prince was acclaimed Pedro I, first Emperor of the newly created Empire of Brazil, a constitutional monarchy.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil#Independence_and_early_years > In December 1823, in a message to Congress, Monroe set forth the following principles, which would later become known as the Monroe Doctrine: http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h255.html
 * Monroe Doctrine-
 * The Western Hemisphere was no longer open for colonization
 * The political system of the Americas was different from Europe
 * The United States would regard any interference in Western hemispheric affairs as a threat to its security
 * The United States would refrain from participation in European wars and would not disturb existing colonies in the Western Hemisphere
 * Argentine Republic-
 * Balkan Nationalism- Small nations won their independence from the Ottaman empire after turkish power declined. Nationalism arose and Russia supported their neighboring slavics. Balkan nationalism showed a threat to Austria. Russia and Austria came close to many blows due to balkan issues.

3. Summary of Global impact of Nationalism: After the French and British began to be come strong independent nations, other nations were influenced in attaining independence as well. The Ideas of liberal values spread very fast. It attracted Italy to trace back all of their states and become a nation along with the help of other nations by forming alliances. Austria and Prussia were two big states that were initially allied, ended up in war. Prussia strived to become a nation under any circumstances. Prussia bribed France and Italy into staying out of the war, giving them more advantages to winning.

4. . Look at the data below and answer the questions that follow

//Index Numbers of World Trade (Volume of trade in selected years compared to 1913)// // Iron Production (1000's Metric Tons) // //Years of Life Expectancy at Birth//
 * Year || Index Number ||
 * 1850 || 10 ||
 * 1870 || 24 ||
 * 1895 || 48 ||
 * 1901 || 67 ||
 * 1911 || 96 ||
 * 1913 || 100 ||
 * || 1830 || 1850 || 1913 ||
 * Britain || 700 || 2,716 || 9,792 ||
 * France || 244 || 1,262 || 4,626 ||
 * Russia || 167 || 231 || 3,870 ||
 * Germany || 111 || 246 || 14,836 ||
 * Country || Year: 1820 || Year: 1900 ||
 * Britain || 40 || 50 ||
 * Average,rest of Western Europe || 36 || 46 ||
 * United States || 39 || 47 ||
 * Japan || 34 || 44 ||
 * Russia || 28 || 32 ||
 * Average, all Latin America || 27 || 32 ||
 * Average, all Asia || 23 || 24 ||
 * Average all Africa || 23 || 24 ||

5. Period from the 18th-19th century where major changes agriculture, Manufacturing, mining, transportation, and Technology had an effect on the Socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the times. Its started in United Kingdom then spread to Europe and North America. Its started in United Kingdom then spread to Europe and North America. But in a matter of years it had spread throughout the world. New cities, iron and other productions increased, and gave better living conditions.
 * Which of the data sets above do you think is the most significant? Why?
 * The most important one would be the Index Numbers of World Trade because it shows how the world has progressed and economically developed, elaborating on trade routes etc. Although it is significant that the years of life expectancy increased and the number of iron production raised, all of these tie into the trade index and are major contributors - a longer life expectancy and increase in iron production leads to industrialization and urbanization.
 * Taken together what do these data sets tell us?
 * It tells us that urbanization and industrialization start to, and have taken place in the world and how the "old world" is moving into modern times. People are living longer, industrialization is taking place (iron), and the economy of the world has evolved into a more interconnected system.
 * What was the Industrial revolution?
 * What was its origins?
 * What were its major effects?

6. Now referring to your textbook create a chart or mindmap of the effects of Industrialization. You must include the following
 * Gender roles/issues || Everyone in the family worked, the father, the mother, and the children because they were poor and what mattered was the most possible income to not who earned it ||
 * Family Structures || Women had to work 12hours a day and were still expected to cook, clean, etc when they got home. Children could also provide so they also worked too. ||
 * Social Structures || There was a brought rapid urbanization; lots of people moved to the cities because of high demands for workers and population explosion. Cities grew around factories ||
 * Extension of voting rights (chartist movement) || Artisans and workers in Britain generated a new movement; Chartist movement, in hoped that a democratic government would regulate new technologies and promote popular education (1840s). ||
 * Mass leisure culture ||  ||
 * Romanticism || Romantic novelists wanted to bring the readers to tears. Painters strived for beauty of nature or the storm tossed tragedy of shipwreck. ||
 * Socialism || It reflected political theory, focus on human perfectibility: set up a few communities where work and rewards would be shared, and capitalism would end. ||
 * Communism || Karl Max and Frederic Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto. Everything is owned by the government and they closely dominate the economy ||

7. Examine the map below and the data that follows - What do they show us? > > > //Extent of Colonial Control//
 * the british empire has land in all 7 continents
 * they owned all of australia and canada
 * most of the british colonies were in Africa and South Asia
 * They owned little land in the Caribean
 * ~  ||~ Great Britain ||~ France ||~ Belgium ||~ Netherlands ||~ Germany (1914) ||
 * ~ Area in Square Miles || 94,000 || 212,600 || 11,800 || 13,200 || 210,000 ||
 * ~ Population || 45,500,100 || 42,000,000 || 8,300,000 || 8.500,000 || 67,500,000 ||
 * ~ Area of Colonies || 13,100,000 || 4,300,000 || 940,000 || 790,000 || 1,100,000 ||
 * ~ Population of Colonies || 470,000,000 || 65,000,000 || 13,000,000 || 66,000,000 || 13,000,000 ||

SOURCE: Mary Evelyn Townsend, //European Colonial Expansion Since 1871// (Chicago: J.P. Lippincott Company, 1941), p. 19

//Percentage of Territories Belonging to the European/US Colonial Powers// (1900)
 * ||~ Percentage Controlled ||~  ||
 * ~ Africa || 90.4% ||
 * ~ Polynesia || 98.9% ||
 * ~ Asia || 56.5% ||
 * ~ Australia || 100.0% ||
 * ~ Americas || 27.2% ||

SOURCE: A. Supan, //Die territoriale Entwicklung der Euroaischen Kolonien// (Gotha, 1906), p. 254

9. What were the motivations for Imperialism? Raw Resources; People; and Land were the motivations for Imperialism. To can more power, economic reasons, and get more land.

10. Before note-taking, look for the following key terms (not in the glossary!) and define them in your own words.

11.
 * The British East India Company: English joint-stock company initially to pursuing trade w/ the East Indies the trade most with Indian + China
 * Sepoys: Gave Indian soldiers service of a European power
 * British Raj: the period of British colonial rule in South Asia (1858-1947)
 * Partition of Africa: Partition of Africa was the process of invasion,
 * Attack, occupation, annexation of African territory by European powers.
 * The Berlin Conference: to discuss the Africa problem about condemning slave trade, prohibiting sale of alcoholic beverages, firearms in certain regions, & expressing concern for missionary activities
 * Settlement Colonies: Areas, such as North America & Australia, that were conquered by European invaders & settled by large numbers of European migrant.
 * White Dominions: Colonies where European settler made up the majority of the population
 * Cecil Rhodes: born in 1853, played a major political and economic role in colonial South Africa.
 * James Cook: Captain 1777-1779, British explorer, navigator & cartographer from was first welcomed as a god because he had the good luck to land during a sacred period when war was forbidden
 * Country ||  || How Britain gained control - steps to conquest ||   || Actions taken by Britain when in control/ power ||   || Effects/ Reactions ||

Company continued to meddle in the affairs of the local princes. - sepoys - victories in Bengal - key battle at Plassey - Indian sepoys w/ British troops defeated Indian armies - teenage nawab Siraj ud-daula against Robert Clive; prize = Bengal, Clive wins. - Conflicts allowed British to advance into Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta. - princely states; British let rulers stay but stationed agents in rulers' courts. - no Indian national identity || - Let princely rulers stay in power but the British stationed agents within the courts to maintain control. || - India came to be a great empire that was being built by Britain on a global scale.
 * India (note this will be more notes than the following two nations.) ||  || - British agents for British East India

- Too much reliance on Indians

- India = major outlet for British investment. || formed by French Rev. - British missionary pressure and British interfernece led Boers to flee to Cape Colony --> Great Trek - British est. new outpost at Durban in Natal by following Boer pioneers. - Orange Free State - Cecil Rhodes, discovery of diamonds. - Boer War ||  || - Increased number of settlers in South Africa. - evangelical missionaries entered South Africa and were deeply committed to eradicating slavery. ||  || - Wars by  British led to  guilt which led to  dominance of  settler majority over Black pop. - misery in South Africa today. ||
 * South Africa ||  || - British captured Cape Town during wars

land launched British presence in New Zealand (1850s) - British wanted to claim islands to be part of Global empire, & plunged Maori into misery - Western schooling ||  || - Offered schooling for Maori ||   || - Maori learned how to use Euro laws and institutions - gave them ability to win British over ||
 * New Zealand ||  || - British farmers and herders in search of

12. Summary: Nationalism spread after ideals of becoming an individual nation. Nations began to call for independence and decided to create their own governments. That being so some nations like Britian became really strong because they owned so many lands and had a strong government along with economy. Their economy was prospering especially because of the industrial revolution that started in Britian and spread globally within a few years. Imperialism ties in with nations being coloniesed be other nations and later nationalism comes in and they become independent. The industrial era grew rapidly because the damnd of new companies and cities growth were big. This changed family roles for women and kids. This set of the new world of industrial living.