Western+Europe

Homework day 1

Homework day 2
 * 1) The Christian Church began controlling beliefs, ideas, and attitudes. As Europe became more fragmented, they had fewer interactions between cultures. Large amounts of land were controlled by uneducated tribes such as Germanic. The clergy uses this to further their religious doctrine, and suppressed outside knowledge, science and art. This strengthened the Dark Ages. If the Kings were aligned with the church, they would receive endorsement from church authority and the Pope that gave the church political power. Allowing the power to lie in the hands of the church seemed like the correct thing to do, especially because “divinely” appointed the king.
 * 2) __Charles Martel__ was the first Frankish leader to strengthen power, making the Frankish kingdoms the strongest in Europe at this time. Under Charles Martel, the Franks began to expand eastward submitting the Germanic tribes to their rule. Martel perfected the way his soldiers held their swords to have a better effect while on a horse and in battle. He stopped the Muslim invasion from Spain, which protected Europe from Islam domination and preserved Christianity's hold in Europe. By sending the Muslims home the franks to control of France. He was also Charlemagne’s grandfather. __The warm weather__ during the seas at that time made it easier to make long-distance travels. Scandinavia grew overpopulated, and that being so farming wasn’t supporting the population. Vikings from Scandinavia invaded the unprotected coastal areas of Britain, mainland Europe, and monasteries.
 * 3) Franks had Military superiority, they improved Germanic technology. They had the first standing army since Rome. The franks had a strong government and leader, like Charles Martel, Clovis, and Charlemagne. They also had low tax on the conquered people, which made them popular. But Charlemagne death weakened the empire. As it was costume of the franks that power goes to the next in line for the throne in the family. The empire remained unified until the death of Louis I in 843. That being so it was divided between his three sons, which brought Europe into profound dark ages.
 * 4) The death of Louis I led the empire to be split between his sons and it brought about the rise of Feudalism. __Feudalism:__ the legal and social system that evolved in W Europe in the 8th and 9th centuries, in which vassals were protected and maintained by their lords, usually through the granting of fiefs, and were required to serve under them in war.
 * 5) The reason for the expansion of the Holy Roman Empire was because most of Europe was Christian. Like in areas such as Bohemia, Italy, Austria, and Burgundy. The Christian crusades caused interest in Asia, because it promised salvation, treasure, and glory. The crusades brought back ideas from the Islamic world and stimulated trade with Asia.
 * 6) Normans conquered England, and become the lead ruling class. After Nobles in England reach a breaking point, The Magna Carta is signed. It was the first step to democracy since the Roman Empire fell. The pope approved a Northern Crusade to deal with pagans. Germans felt the need to invade border areas, overpower the local population, and force them to convert to Christianity and obey the pope.
 * 7) __ Forced West: __ The Mongols were forced to move west because they depended on trade and agriculture and Asia was to dry. They went west to find greener pastures. __Superior military technology:__ Thanks to their nomadic lifestyle they had acquired great horse riding skills and bow arrow skills. __Strengthening Numbers:__ They usually forced people to join their army. They would go through towns and people were faced with an option to live by joining them or die. __Learned diplomacy__: since they began to dominate trading routs between Europe and Asia, they obtained not only military knowledge, but science and government philosophies. __Europe’s weakened condition:__ They came when Europe was suffering severely with the Black Death plague; they could have actually brought it themselves.

i used source: http://www.historyonthenet.com/Medieval_Life/feudalism. htm://www.middle-ages.org.uk/feudalism.htm

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﻿ Summary Manorialism and feudalism:  Manorialism was the economical system under feudalism. It was the relationships between land lords and serfs. The manorial system evolved in later Roman Empire. The system grew stronger because of the decline of trade and lack of political structures. The serfs were agricultural workers that had to give the landlord half of their crops in return of being able to live on the manor and some sort of protection. The market was weak and so the landlords used the serfs to maintain their own establishments. Feudalism was the bond between vassals for military purposes in return of land. King William the Conqueror used the concept of feudalism to reward his Norman supporters, because they helped him conqueror England in 1066. Life lived under Feudalism, meant that everyone owed allegiance to the King. Barons: they leaseland from the king and were known to be lords of the manor. They had to provide knights for the king, serve in the royal concil. knights: had to serve the Barons in military service in return for land. they also had to protect their families and manor. media type="custom" key="7512397"

The Dark Ages: · The roman empire was conquered by Germanic invaders · They suffered for two years and the people starved · (the mother of the world was killed) · During the 5th century many tribes and smaller empires wanted to claim the lost empire · People picked apart roman monuments · Because of the anarchy it drop Europe to evolve · On Christmas day Clovis converted to Christianity at age 30 - Franks became Christian · His conversion made him gain many alliances · He had trouble with not killing · Frankish kings passed the throne in family, so he killed anyone who could be part of his family · Being his captive was even worse, the ordeal was when a person had to put their hand in boiling water and get a pebble if their hand healed they’d be free · He died of an unknown cause · He united France under the franks and had alliances with roman catholic · At 15 he took control and conquered villages he gain man for his new army · Christianity appealed to most people because it promised an afterlife · Constantine became emperor and he converted to Christianity because he had a vision and won the war · 533 ad. When Justinian marches west to take back western Europe · 6th century west and east were like night and day · West was viewed as Latin and backward and east more diplomatic · Justinian came to power in 527 ad   · He wanted to reconstitute the empire · Justinian was greedy and tricked his people to given him money · A riot broke out in 532 ad against Justinian · Slaughters 30,000 men in the riot under the advice of Theodora · Justinian conquers Italy in bloody massacres · Hagia Sophia built over ashes of Constantinople; model for agriculture to come · Bubonic plague comes in on the fleas hiding on rats in cargo ships · Theodora blamed for being slutty · No hope for Europeans in this Dark Age. · Justinian’s empire cannot sustain itself after his death, pulls back · Christian monks write Europe’s history due to closeness to literature


 * E || MI: Improvements in agriculture after 900CE brought new characteristics to Medieval life. Manorialism was the relation of economical system between landlords and serfs
 * Some peasants were able to shy away from Manorialism, becoming nearly free farmers because that meant they only a had a few obligations to their landlords.
 * The use of money spread steadily, Banking and long distance exchange of money and goods broadened. (Ex- The Hanseatic league)
 * Specialized manufacturing and commercial activities. ||
 * S || MI: Medieval social class was determined by the Feudal System which created a bond between those in power and the lower class; serfs.
 * Serfs began to organize into guilds, which attempted to get some more rights for them.
 * Landlord served the king in taking care of land
 * Knights served landlords in exchange of military services for land
 * The Women's work was really important in most families
 * the Christian equality of all souls, granted the option to marriage for women
 * Urban women didn’t have property rights, but they could control some craft guilds, and work in other commercial position. ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 65pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">P || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">MI: The strong monarchies weren’t well developed in Europe, the West remained politically divided.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Late in the 13th century, this feudalism lead to the creation of Parliaments, which were representative bodies that included priests and nobles
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">The growth of monarchy conflicted the Aristocrats, but they still had powerful influence due to military strength.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">The kings preferred building their own armies, but it caused the political aspects of the Feudal system to fall apart. ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 65pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">MI: Western Europe began to expand all over beyond its classical borders especially with money and other goods.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">This new expansionism included Population growth and religious justification
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">A strong example of religious justification was the Crusades, started by Pope Urban II.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">There was the 100 Years War between England and France
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">King William the Conqueror spread the feudal system in england ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 65pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">R || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">MI: Under the Dark Ages, religion underwent many reforms due to the Catholic Church wanting political and military power in Europe.


 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">The Crusades are an example of how the Church strived to maintain political power.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Pope Gregory VII tried to purify the church by preventing priests from marriage so the there would be no involvement of feudal lords in the church.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Gregory VII had an argument with King Henry IV of England about the State appointment of religious officials ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 65pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">I || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">MI: Many great books were created during this era. Many Christians looked to logic to rationalize religion.

· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Peter Abelard, believed Faith was seen by opposing people that it was the only way to receive God's belessing.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Lots of books contradicting the Church's principles were burned.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Scholasticism became the dominant medieval philosophy.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Gothic Architecture became very popular, especially in building churches like Notre Dame Paris
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">[[image:http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash2/hs607.ash2/155898_1458912045021_1600000372_1581341_1049557_n.jpg width="323" height="396" link="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=1581343&id=1600000372"]] [[image:http://sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash2/hs491.ash2/76459_1458912205025_1600000372_1581342_5682059_n.jpg width="297" height="402" link="http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=1581343&id=1600000372"]] ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 65pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">T || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">MI: technological progress in Western Europe was weak.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Moldboard plow allowed for a more efficient system of farming.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">3-field System was the better of farming production ||