The+muslim+empires

Espirit chart on Ottoman




 * Economics:

· The bazaars were filled with: Spices from East Indies, Ivory from Africa, Forest products from Russia, Fine carpets from Persia. 

me and my daddy at the bazar lol · Artisans were organized into guilds · Set craft standards · Arbitrated disputes between their members and provided financial assistance for needy members · Arranged popular enterainments · Ottomans became a formidable naval power in the Mediterranean Sea · Military leaders played a dominant role in the state · Armies were divided into troops called Janissaries · Most Janissaries = adolescent boys from conquered areas · Adolescent boys = legally slaves = were given extensive schooling · If not Janissaries then serve in the palace or bureaucracy Social: || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Politics: || · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Day – to-day administrations were carried out by a large beaucracy headed by a grand vizier. Was the overall head of the imperial administration. Held more real power than the sultan. The death of the sultan lead to warfare among sons. Rebuilt Constantinople. · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Ottoman conquest = tax relief + effective administration · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Administration was carried out by bureaucracy headed by a grand vizier · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Vizier held more power than the sultan + head of the imperial administration · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Government inspectors were employed = ensure weights + measure were used to license the opening of new shops, to regulate entry of artisans into trades, etc. · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Ottoman state is one of the great success stories in human political history · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Local officials squeezed the peasants + the laborers who worked their lands for additional axes + service
 * · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">A warrior aristocracy was created from yhr 13th to the 16th century. They had access to land and peasant producers which supported their households and military retainers.
 * <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">A warrior class emerged as well in the mid 15th century.
 * <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">A imperial armie was dominated by the troops called **Janissaries**
 * <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Most of the time the boys’ parents willingly turned their sons over to the Ottoman recruiters b/c it provided opportunities for advancement in services
 * <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">They were given schooling and there were converted to Islam.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Under the ruling class was the merchant and artisan class.
 * <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Coffeehouses contributed a lot to social class. Places where men gathered to smoke and gossip
 * <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Played a major role in cultural life where intellectual life could be discussed.
 * <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Local officials and estate owners sparked rebellions as well as peasant uprisings.
 * · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The Ottoman rulers were absolute monarchs.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Intellectual: || · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Aqueducts were built from the surrounding hills to supply to growing population with water. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">New faith, the Din-i-Ilahi = believed could be used to unite his Hindu + Muslim subjects · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">After Akbar died his religion had been rejected by Hindu and Muslims · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The early Ottomans had written in Persian and Arabic remained an important language for works on law and religion throughout the empire’s history. By the 17th century though the Turkish language had become the preferred mode of expressions. · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The authors, artists, and artisans of the Ottoman Empire left a legacy in poerty, ceramics and carpet manufacturing and architecture. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">This is the Blue Mosque.. thats the line to get in
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Main Idea: The Ottoman state had been bult on war war and steady territorial expansions
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">In the Spring of 1453 Ottoman Sultan, **Mehmed II** attacked the city with well over 100,00 troops
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">After the capture of Constantinople the Ottomans went on to extend their empire into Syria and Egypt.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">Exchanged for a variety of Indian manufacture especially cotton textiles
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">Trade gap in Indian cotton cloth and clothing
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">Textiles first won a large market among the working _ middle classes
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">Indian cloth came into fashion a the court
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">The Ottomans developed a great navy where captured land bases on Rhodes, Crete and Cyprus.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">Constantinople was built around the Bosporus and the narrow strait between the Mediterranean and Black seas that separates Europe and Asia. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Religion:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Religion:

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">The mosque is still used today for prayer so to go in side u must take off your shoes that why i have that bag =] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">It's one of the most beautiful places !! When I was there i learned that the ottomans were the first to uncover the blue dye and explores came from all over to uncover their secrets which is why they picked the blue tiles for the mosque.- thats what the turkish tour guide said aha! <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0px; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; overflow: hidden; text-indent: -0.25in;">

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0px; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; overflow: hidden; text-indent: -0.25in;">

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0px; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; overflow: hidden; text-indent: -0.25in;"> This what points to meca and they have to pray towrds. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0px; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; overflow: hidden; text-indent: -0.25in;">

It is really big and incredible..just beautifull <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0px; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; overflow: hidden; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0px; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; overflow: hidden; text-indent: -0.25in;">irrelevant ahah

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0px; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; overflow: hidden; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0px; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; overflow: hidden; text-indent: -0.25in;">This is where they wash their hands and feet before they go into the mosque.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 0px; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; overflow: hidden; text-indent: -0.25in;">﻿ || <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Mughal Espirit Chart



> Indian textiles were a major aspect of their economy. Mughals had no interest in European products. They were interested in Cloth it was a major trading product of the Mughal Empire. || · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Akbar encouraged widows to remarry and discouraged child marriages. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">He didn't support buring of high-caste Hindu women on their husbands’ funeral pyres illegal. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Improve the calendar to establish living quarters for the large popullatin · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Regulated alcohol · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Reform the position of women · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Encourage widow remarriage _ discouraged child marriages || · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">At the age of 48, Babur’s son, **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Humayan **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">, inherited the newly founded kingdom. · **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Akbar **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">, only 13 at the time, took charge. Akbar proved to be one of the greatest leaders in history. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Babur was a better conqueror than administrator · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Akbar oversaw the building of the military + administrative systems · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Wives took advantage of their husbands’ neglect of politics to win position of power and influence at the Mughal court || ||
 * E || * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Mughal Empire became one of the major overseas destinations for European traders.
 * S || · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">The Muslim and Hindu warrior aristocrats who were supporters of the Mughal dynasty were awarded with peasant villages for their support. In return - maintain a specified number of cavalry and to be on call if the emperor needed their service.
 * P || · **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Babur **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> was the founder of the Mughal dynasty
 * I || * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tabstops: list .5in;">Became one of the major overseas destinations for European traders
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tabstops: list .5in;">Brought products from Asia
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tabstops: list .5in;">Exchanged for a variety of Indian manufacture especially cotton textiles
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tabstops: list .5in;">Trade gap in Indian cotton cloth and clothing ||
 * R || · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Akbar invented a new religion called, the **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Din-i-Ilahi **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">, in hopes of uniting his Hindu and Muslim subjects. It failed.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Empire building had little to do with religious fervor
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Cows = sacred ||
 * I || * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tabstops: list .5in;">Built Taj Mahal
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tabstops: list .5in;">Islamic genius for domes, arches, and minarets
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tabstops: list .5in;">Gleaming white marble instead of ceramic tiles
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tabstops: list .5in;">Semiprecious stones arranged in floral and geometric patterns
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tabstops: list .5in;">Marble reflecting pools
 * T || none ||

ESPIRIT Chart on the Safavids

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">peasants were required to supply them and their troops with food and labor. · **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Abbas the Great **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">, successfully made the youths he captured converts to Islam and supplied them with an education. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">army of almost 40,000 troops, but they didn't last long. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Turkish became the set language of the court and bureaucracy. · //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">padishah //<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">, or king of kings. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Servants were abundant <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Shahs claimed direct descent from one of the Shi'a **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">imams **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">, or successor of Ali. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Women faced social and legal disadvantages. Women were subordinate to their fathers and husbands. They didn't have much political or religious power. || > Abbas I constructed pubic baths and rest houses. ||
 * E || * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Their goal was to reconstruct and they did even with the military
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Workshops were built to manufacture the silk textiles and splendid Persian carpets that were in high demand.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Abbas I encouraged maritime trade with Europe.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Established a capital at **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Isfahan ** ||
 * S || · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Followers of the Safavids were referred to as **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Red Heads **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">.
 * P || * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Sufi, **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Sail al-Din **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">, gave the empire its name.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Isma'il proclaimed the title of shah, after he led a series of victorious battles, especially in the city of Tabriz.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Shah Abbas I brought the empire to the peak of its strength and prosperity, however, there wasn't much expansion.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">After the death of Abbas I, several advisers put his weak grandson on throne ||
 * I || * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">By 1722, Isfahan was besieged by Afghani tribes.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">But Nadir Khan Afshar claimed the title of shah in 1736. But his dynasty and the dynasties were short lived. ||
 * R || * <span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 10.5pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Religious competition becomes much more vigorous, but religions are domestically at peace
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Mullahs were local mosque officials whose duty was to convert all of the population to Shi'ism.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">The government directed teachings in mosque schools. ||
 * I || * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Abbas I founded several colleges at his capital.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">mosques, government offices, and soaring arches that opened onto formal gardens.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">movement and texture to the deep blue tiles
 * T || * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">use of muskets, field cannons, and artillery ||