India



Read 657-661 and 722-723 Outline notes Indian Independence Social Foundations of a Mass Movement The Rise of Militant Nationalism The Emergence of Gandhi and the Spread of the Nationalist Struggle · Nationalism and Decolonization
 * Western educated minority
 * Indian nationalist movement pioneered patterns of nationalist challenge
 * India had been under British control for decades
 * Nonviolent forms of protest
 * National Congress party led the Indians to independence
 * Congress Party had British officials
 * The government decided about educating indians
 * Debates and petitions to the gov were dominated by elite centric issues
 * Members were loyal to British rulers
 * Indians shared criticism
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">south Asian more religious than Europe
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Indian business men were angrybecause of the British rulers
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Nationalist thinkers: cost was too high
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">India's budget was used to pay the British Empire war expenses
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Indians paid for salaries/pensions
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Needs of British economy was based on Indian peasantry production of cash crops
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Decline of food production was due to major regional famines
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Indian nationalists began to charge the British
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Food shortages and outbreaks of epidemic disease
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">landlessness and chronic poverty in many areas
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">B.G. Tilak believed that Hindus made up the overwhelming majority of the Indian population
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">He promoted the restoration/revival of Hinduism
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Opposed womens education
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">made the marriage age for women low
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">He turned festivals for Hindu gods into mass political demonstrations
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">boycotted of British manufactured goods
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Demanded independence
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Morley-Minto reforms:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Provided educated Indians
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">All-Indian legislative councils
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Indian princes offered substantial war loans
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Indian soldiers bore the brunt of the war efforts
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Gandhi and Tilak toured Indian selling British war bonds
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Montagu-Chlmsford reforms 1919
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Increased the powers of Indian legislators
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Placed provincial administration of Indian under local ministries
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">legislative bodies with substantial numbers of elected Indians
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Rowlatt Act
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Placed severe restrictions on the Indian civil rights
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">acted to offset the concession granted under the MC Refoms
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Mohandas Gandhi
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">pre-eminent political and ideological leader
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">strategy for proste
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Satyagraha -peaceful boycotts which prevented the British from being violent back
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">"truth-force"
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">strategy of nonviolent protest
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">while WWI India wanted to be independent from Britain
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Muslim league came and fought all the allies
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Britain agreed to give India its independence
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Later India created Pakistan for large Muslim party
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Conflicts were settled
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Muhammad Ali Jinnah became first president of Pakistan

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Leader Analysis Sheet


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Name of Leader: Mohandas Gandhi

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"> ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Lifespan October 2, 1869 to January 30, 1948 || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Title: ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Country/region: Porbandar, Gujarat || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Years in Power ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">India had been under British control for decades
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Demand full independence ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Ideology, Motivation, Goals:


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Emerged as a leader, localized protest into sustained all India campaign against the policies of colonial overlords.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">He cared for the masses
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Western-educated nationalist
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">He had an inner confidence ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Significant Actions & events During Term of Power


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">His most important action was the strategy for protest he created that stressed nonviolence
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">1906: Began Satyagraha campaign in South Africa to protest the requirement that Indians be fingerprinted and carry identification cards
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">1915: Returned to India from South Africa
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">1917: Initiated Champaran Satyagraha to alleviate the condition of indigo planters
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">1919: Instituted Satyagraha campaign in India to protest the Rowlatt Acts, which deprived all Indians of important civil liberties.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">1922: Ended Non-Cooperation movement against British Raj after his followers were involved in a series of riots and disturbances that violated his policy of nonviolence
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">1930: Led Dandi March to collect salt in protest of the British salt tax.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">1931: Signed a pact with Lord Irwin to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement and went to London to attend Round Table Conference.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">1932: Fasted to protest the treatment of people who belonged to no Hindu caste, the Harijans or Untouchables
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">1942: Launched Quit India Movement against British Raj.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">January 30, 1948: Assassinated by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/mahatma-gandhi/facts.html ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Short-Term effects:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Comibined the career of a western educated lawyer with the attributes of a traditional hindu ascetic and guru.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Nationalist || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Long-Term Effects
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Protest led to independence ||

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">What is an Identity? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">-Identity means that you remain yourself, that being the same person or have the same personality. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">How are our identities formed? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">-In my opinion identities are formed based on individual personalities. Everyone has different characteristics and different morals, which make them their own person. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">How does our identity influence the way we see ourselves and others? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">-Our identity helps us have focus on what we want to be like or appear to others. It influences the way we treat others and how they react to us. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">What is conformity? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">-Conformity is the act of giving into something, more as of agreeing with social attitudes and ideas. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">How does a society decide who belongs and who does not? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">-Well society basically shuns out what seems to be different. If the idea of normal isn’t implied then those people or ideas get cut off. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">How do our attitudes and beliefs influence our thinking? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">-It influences a lot of my thinking because in a way no matter what I choose I am still conforming to something. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">What does it mean to belong to a group? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">-I feel that belonging to a group means that you believe in that same things or share the same values. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">How is membership defined and by whom is membership defined? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">-I guess membership is the title of someone that is part of a group and its defined by the group.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">media type="custom" key="8862602"

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">media type="custom" key="8862824"