Vacation

A Century of Revolutions: p.684 Russia: Revolution in Russia: Liberation of Communism MI: In March 1917, strikes and food riots broke out in Russia’s capital, St. Petersburg. It was due to the wartime misery and food shortage. These riots not only called for new work and more food but for a new political regime. · A provisional government struggled to rule the country · Alexander Kerensky: was a Russian revolutionary leader, he wanted to see genuine parliamentary rule, religious, and other freedoms. · Revolution took place in a more adverse circumstance due to pressure from first world war · Lenin was the chief of the communist party · The revolution worked in Lenin favor by gaining a strong position among urban workers, councils and major cities. · Council of People’s Commissars, formed by Lenin and soviets across the nation to govern the state · The revolution led to foreign hostility and domestic resistance Stabilization of Russia’s Communist Regime: MI: After the revolution order was input, first by the creation of a new arm by Leon Trotsky. The economy was reformed · The red army: was an early beneficiary of two ongoing sources of strength for communist Russia · New economic Policy in 1921 created by Lenin, it promised considerable freedom of action for small business owners and peasant landowners. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Food production began to recover · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">By 1923, the Bolshevik Revolution was an accomplished fact · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Moscow new capital · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">New constitution established Union, of Soviet Socialist Republics · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Supreme Soviet had many of the trappings of parliament and was elected by universal sufferage, however the communist party controlled the body. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Soviet Experimentation <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">MI: A movement among the people rose due to the communist party now recruiting too many participants and new organizations allied to put order in their social environments. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Youth movements, women’s groups, and particularly organizations of workers all actively debated problems in society · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Influence management practices; women’s leaders helped carve legal equality and new educational and work opportunities for their constituents. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Key movement was education · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Literacy gained ground fast · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Popular culture was being reshaped · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Lenin died in 1924 · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Petersburg was renamed in his honor to Leningrad · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">New leaders tried to gain power like Trotsky and a communist party stalwart of worker origns who had taken the name Stalin, meaning Steel. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Joseph Stalin emerged as undisputed leader of Soviet State · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Many revolutionary leaders activily encouraged communist parties in the west and set up Comintern, or Communist International office. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Stalin established ** collectivization ** program · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Russian revolution was one of the most successful in human history for several decades. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Stalinism in the Soviet Union: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">MI: Stalin set out to turn Russia into a fully industrialized nation and to do it with full control of the state. He reversed the experimental era of the 1920’s and agreed to use western techniques and advice, with soviet control and largely soviet endeavor. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Economic Policies: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">MI: A massive program to better the economy to collectivize agriculture it began in 1928. This meant that they’d create large, state run farms. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Communist party pressed peasants to join the program · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Collectivization allowed more control over peasants · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Peasants responded with different voices some resented Kulak wealth · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Most Kulaks refused to work voluntarily, often destroyed live stock and other property · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">However a devastating famine resulted fron Stalin’s insistence on moving forward · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Millions of Kulaks were killed or deported to Siberia in the early 1930’s · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Collectivization wasn’t a success · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Although Stalin’s approach to agriculture had flaws he made up for it in handling industries. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Five-year plan: Stalin’s plan to hasten industrialization in Russia, massive factories was built, mining, and electric power. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Toward an industrial Society: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">MI: Like the west the Soviet Union had increasing numbers of people in the cities, factory disiplin was strict, and procedures were introduced to motivate workers. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Welfare services were established · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Workers had meeting houses and recreational programs offering vacations in the Black Sea, protection in case of illness, and old age. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Totalitarian Rule: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">MI: Stalinism focused on total control of the state and those who did not follow his rules were shipped to Siberian camps. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">He wanted to develop a new form of art that stood apart from western modern art and artist and writers were watched to follow his guide lines if disobeyed they were sent to Siberia. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Socialist Realism: was a dominat school, focusing on heroic idealizations of workers, soldiers, and peasants. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Science was controlled he believed evolutionary biology was wrong because it contradicted with Marxism. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">He used party and state apparatus to monopolize power even more than Hitler <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Politburo: Executive committee of Soviet Communist Party; had 20 members. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Hitler’s rise in Germany made it a threat to Russia <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The Soviet Union tried to participate in a common response to German and Italian intervention in the Spanish civil war. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The Soviet Union signed an agreement with Hitler in 1939. This bought time to prepare for war and attack Poland and Finland to regain lost territory in WWI. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Eastern Europe after World War II: A Soviet Empire <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">MI: The Soviet Union expanded their power and remain distinctive in political control. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The Soviet Union as Superpower: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">MI: The Soviet Union was focusing on their foreign policy to gain lost territories. They had a feverish desire to set up buffer zones, under their control, and soon they were recognized as a world power. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Their late participation in WWII gave them the opportunity to gain some islands in northern pacific. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Established a protectorate over the communist regime of North Korea to match the U.S protectorate in South Korea. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Their aid to China brought new influences for a while · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">In 1970’s the gain Vietnam as an ally · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">They gained leverage postwar and alliance were formed like in Cuba in the 1960’s · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Their status of Superpower was confirmed after the development of the atomic and hydrogen Bomb and missiles and naval forces from 1949 and so on  <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The New Soviet Empire in Eastern Europe: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">MI: Now as a Superpower the Soviet Union had influences in many Asian, African, and Latin American nations. They influenced with trade and cultural missions on all inhabited continents. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Their presistance on expanding led to the cold war and they continued to confront the West <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Small eastern Europe nations were struggling to establish the governments during and after the world wars, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Yugoslavia were seixed by Nazi Germany and Italian forces. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">By 1945 The Soviet Union was the only strong military power and they pushed back the Germans. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Greece refrained from the communist regime and moved towards the west. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Albania formed Stalinist regime <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The new soviet sponsored regimes attacked any possible rivals for power <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">A Soviet and Eastern Europe trading zone became largely seperated from international commerce. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">In response to the NATO plan from the west the Warsaw Pact was formed <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">A tight control in Eastern Germany clashed with the western part and the Soviets built the Berlin wall in 1961 to stem the flow. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The people in the east side were kept in with barbed wire fences and armed patrols. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Poland faced a challenge in 1970s with widespread catholic and independent labor movement called** Solidarity **, against the backdrop of a stagnant economy and a low morale. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Evolution of Domestic Policies: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">MI: Postwar the Soviet Union the Stalinist system remained intact. The war influenced growing use of nationalism as well as appeals for communist loyalty and millions of Russian responded heroically to the threat. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Elements of this mood were exposed during the cold war against the U.S in 1947. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Stalin emphasized the strict control on travel, outside media, or any uncensored glimpse of outside world kept the Soviet Union unusually isolated in the mid-20th century and its culture, like the economy, was largely removed from world currents. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Stalin continued to control the political structure <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Soviet Culture: Promoting New Beliefs and Institutions: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">MI: Tensions increased between the west and the east as rapid industrialization caused significant social change in Eastern Europe. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The gov. and party maintained an active cultural agenda · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The regime declaired war on the orthodox church and other religions in 1917 · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The educational system was used not just to train and recruit technicians and bureaucrats but also to create loyal, right-thinking citizenry. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">May day parades showed devotion to the state and communism · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">They didn’t abolish the Orthodox Church but limited their outreach. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">They limited freedom of religion for Jewish minority · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">They attacked western styles of art and literature · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The Russian orchestra performed a wide variety of classical music and the Russian ballet enforced rigid standards of excellence. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Jazz and rock bands emerged by the 1980s · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Literature remanded diverse yet still controlled · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn: was exiled to the U.S after the publication of a trilogy of Siberian prison camps · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">They placed a high interest in science and social science <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Economy and Society: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">MI: The Soviet Union became a fully industrialized nation from 1920s to 1950s. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Rapid growth of manufacturing · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Most of Eastern Europe was also fully industrialized by 1950s. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Consumer goods industries were poorly funded · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Living conditions improved and extensive welfare programs provided security for some groups · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Soviet industrialization provided unusual degree of environmental damage · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Communist ruling of eastern Europe fail to resolve agricultural · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Sports provided excitement for people, so did films and television and family vacations to beaches like the black sea · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Eastern Germany & Soviet Union had extensive athletic programs ran by the government · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Birth rate dropped · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Falling infant death rate with better diet and medical care · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Wartime dislocations contributed to the birth rate decline as well. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Kids more strictly handled then the west at home and school · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Women worked do to the economy trying to industrialize <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">De-Stalinization: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">MI: After Stalin’s death in 1953 his government tactics were put to a test and other leaders tried to gain power. The Stalinist culture grew loose and the focus of one man ruling may have caused succession problems. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">In 1956 Nikita Khrushchev emerged to primary power · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Not trying to match Stalin she attacked Stalinism for its dictatorship · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Khrushchev condemned Stalin for his treatment of political opponents, for his narrow interpretations of Marxist doctrine, and even failure to prepare for war · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">De-Stalinization suggested a more tolerant political climate and some decentralization of decision making · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">After Khrushchev fell from power and de=Stalinization, the patterns of the Soviet Union stayed stable into the 1980s. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Cold war policies eased after Stalin’s death · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Khrushchev regime still wanted to “bury” the U.S, and under this regime the most intense moment of the cold war happened by installing missiles in Cuba. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The Soviet Union continued to prosper and developed an advanced space program · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Active sport participating in the Olympics · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Problems began to rise with work · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">High rate of alcoholism and death rate increased with males · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Youth were rebelling · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">But the police keep order in the state <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The Explosion of the 1980s and 1990s: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">MI: The Soviet economy was affecting the industries and creating heath problems for the citizens. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">From 1985 onward, the Soviet Union entered a period of intensive reform <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Forced industrialization caused environmental pollution throughout Eastern Europe <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">In the late 1980s, about half of the agricultural land was endangered <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">20% of citizens lived in regions of ecological disaster <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Industrial production decreased due to health problems, rigid central planning, and poor worker morale <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Only younger leaders recognized that the system was near collapse <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The Age of Reform: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">MI: Now that the Soviet Union was under Gorbachev’s power his reforms helped the union prosper and he decreased some of the soviets isolation. · **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Mikhail Gorbachev **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> was brought to power in 1985, he quickly brought back some of the earlier attacks on Stalinist rigidity and replaced some of the old-line party bureaucrats. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> He had Western style clothing and held open press conferences <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> Allowed the Soviet media to engage in active debate and report on problems as well as successes <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> He ended the war in Afghanistan, negotiated a new agreement with the US that altered their stance in the cold war <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">policy of **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">glasnost **, which allowed people to comment and criticize <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">He planned to open the Soviet Union to the world economy <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Opened McDonald's restaurant in Moscow <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Perestroika **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">, or economic restructuring was key part of his reforms <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Farmers could now lease land for 50 years and demanded decrease of drinking alcohol <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">A new constitution in 1988, giving a good deal of power to a new parliament, the Congress of People's Deputies, and abolishing the Communist monopoly on elections <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Was elected to presidency of the Soviet Union in 1990 <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">He didn’t want women to work either because it was too much on their hands. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Dismantling the Soviet empire: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">MI: The Soviet Union was loosing power in Eastern Europe because the states were establishing noncommunist governments. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Now that <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Gorbachev was in power he wanted to better the Soviet Union’s relation with the West <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Soviets held back Bulgaria's move for economic liberalization in1987 <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> Hungary changed leadership in 1988, and elected a noncommunist president <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Poland installed a noncommunist government in 1988 <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> East Germany also got rid of the communist government in 1989 <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> the Berlin Wall was taken down and in 1990 <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Germany unified in 1991 <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Czechoslovakia installed a new government in 1989 <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">the eastern European states suffered with massive pollution and economic problems that might new political discontent <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Renewed Turmoil in the 1990s: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">MI: The Soviet Union faced even m <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">ore problems because Gorbachev was in power, and Boris Yeltsin took over and ended the Soviet Union. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Gorbachev's presidency and democratic decentralization were weakened in the summer of 1991 <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Boris Yeltsin **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">, leader of the major republics, proclaimed the end of the Soviet Union <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Gorbachev fell from power, and Boris Yeltsin took over <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Yeltsin health worsened and in 1999, a new president Vladimir Putin promised to clean up corruption <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">China <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Toward Revolution: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">MI: After the Qing dynasty ended many societies and leaders arose to take control of China. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">After the fall of the Qing dynasty, there was debate of who would now take over <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Mao Zedong won control of the Chinese Communist party <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Yuan Shikai **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> hoped to seize the Manchu throne and found a new dynasty <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Secret societies wanted to bring back the monarchical rule under a Chinese dynasty <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">China’s May Fourth Movement and Rise of the Marxist Alternative: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">MI: China created the Marxism ideology under Li Dazhao but the Communist party was also beginning and they became rivals. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Sun Yat-sen claimed he and the parties were to take over the mandate to rule all of China. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Revolutionary Alliance elected him president in 1911 <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Yuan Shikai ** was the best choice to unify China as one government <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Yuan was forced to resign in 1916 when Japan present China with Twenty One demands <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">but he created a free-for-all for power among the regional warlords <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Japan soon won control over China <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">China also sided with Japan in World War I Therefore, students and nationalist politicians organized mass demonstrations in Chinese cities on May 4, 1919 <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The demonstrations was for protest against Japanese inroads <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The May Fourth movement **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">, which started on the fourth of May, was aimed at transforming China into a liberal democracy <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">Chinese script was simplified to **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">promote mass literacy and Western-style individualism <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In the 1920s the communist party rose and Chinese were impressed with the works of Marx, Lenin, Engels, and Trotsky in the Russian Revolution <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Li Dazhao ** was the most influential of the thinkers who called for a reworking of Marxist ideology to fit China's situation <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Li saw peasants as one of the reasons of revolutionary change and argued that f China had been exploited by the West <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Mao Zedong ** soon joined Li's study circle on Marxism that worked for China <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Communist Party of China began at a meeting of leaders from different parts of China <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Seizure of Power by China’s Guomindang: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">MI: The Guomindang sided with the communist party and tried to seize power over China. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Guomindang **, was struggling to gain the mandate to rule in China and the Sun reorganized the revolutionary movement and named it the Nationalist party of China. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The nationalist ideology stressed the need to unify China under one central government. However, the ideology failed to address the land reform issue. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> The Guomindang joined the communist party. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> · **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Chiang Kai-shek **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> was a young military officer in charge of the **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Whampoa Military Academy **, which was founded in 1924. The academy gave the Nationalist a critical military dimension to their political maneuvering. <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mao’s China and Beyond: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">MI: The Communist party gained control of China with the help of the Japanese · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Chiang's anticommunist crusade was interrupted by the Japanese. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Chiang formed an alliance with the communists against the Japanese and They went to war with Japan for the next seven years · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> At the end of WWII the Nationalists controlled many cities in the north · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Nationalist soldiers switched over to the communist side during the four year civil war. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1949, the civil war was over Chiang fled to Taiwan and Mao proclaimed the establishment of the **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">People's Republic of China ** in Beijing. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> The communists won support of the peasantry with their economic and social reforms and also established land reforms which were a major problem in China &convinced the peasantry that they could improve their lives. · **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Lin Biao **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> was a gifted commander who was trained with Mao at the Whampoa Academy <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Communist come to power: <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">MI: China now being part of communism began to get involved with foreign affairs. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Party cadres ** and **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">People's Liberation army ** were a strong political and military organization for the communist party, respectively. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> 1950s, China intervened with the conflicts in North and South Korea. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Communist leadership threatened to invade Taiwan. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Conflicts with Russia along their border lines. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">China exploded the first nuclear device developed <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Planning for Economic Growth and Social Justice: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">MI: to increase the economic and social justice industrialization took over and land was taken away from peasants for collectivization. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The communists wanted to settle the social revolution in the rural areas · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Industrialization as the key to successful development · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Five year plan was introduced · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">China threatened by the United States intervention in Korea · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mao did not agree with Lenin and his supporters pushed the Mass Line approach, starting with the formation of agricultural cooperatives in 1955 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Great Leap Backward <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">MI: China was left under worse conditions then they were in before. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mao and his supporters launched the **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Great Leap Forward ** in 1958. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">After a couple months it was leading to economic disaster · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Peasants were against collectivization · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> A famine spread across China · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">instead Mao insisted they could take care of themselves · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Birth rates were low · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Population was increasing leading to overcrowding · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">By 1980s families could only have one child · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mao lost his position as state chairman · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">pragmatists **, consisting of **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Zhou Enlai **, **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Liu Shaoqui **, **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Deng Xiaoping **, came to power hoping to restore state direction and market incentives at the local level <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Women hold up half of the Heavens: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">MI: After Jiang Qing came to power women gained equality to men. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Jiang Qing ** was Mao’s wife and did a lot for the liberation of Chinese women · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">They wanted to abolish foot binding · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Open educational and career opportunities to them · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Many women joined communists · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Chiang's wife, Madam Chiang Kai-shek, campaigned for women to stay at home · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Women were teachers, nurses, spies, truck drivers, and laborers. Sometimes they were even soldiers <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mao’s Last Campaign and the Fall of the Gang of Four: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">MI: Sadly Mao’s campaign failed once again. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">He had enough support from students, peasants, and the military that he could launch another campaign, the **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Cultural Revolution ** · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Red Guard ** harrassed Mao's political rivals. Shaoqui was killed, Enlai was driven into seculsion, and Xiaoping was imprisoned · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mao was forced to call off the campaign in 1968 · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">By 1970s, Mao's rivals soon surfaced again · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Treaty with the U.S. was negotiated in the early 1970s · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Gang of Four ** contested power on behalf of Mao, which was led by Deng.Gang of Four sought to seize power, but the pragmatists allied with military leader <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">

Leader Analysis Sheet Joseph Stalin || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">1879-1953 ||  Title:  || Russia ||  Years in Power 1922 until his death in 1953 || www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org || www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org || · After WWII, Stalin continued his genocidal policies while manipulating ruthless control over the Soviet Union and its satellite states until his death in 1953. More than 15 million Germans were removed from eastern Germany and pushed into central Germany (later called GDR German Democratic Republic) and western Germany (later called FRG Federal Republic of Germany). Russians, Ukrainians, Poles, Czech etc. were then moved onto German land. Other ethnic groups, like the Crimerian Tartars and Volga Germans, were moved to the Asian part of the Soviet Union. Millions of German POWs and Soviet ex-POWs were sent to the Gulags. The eastern European states occupied by the Red Army were established as communist Satellite states. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org || · Stalin is also generally credited with destroying the concept of communal socialism (communism) and with "stealing the revolution" (although Lenin started this work). Wikipidia.com ||  Long-Term Effects · Stalin is often credited with successfully industrializing the Soviet Union. What can be said without controversy is that by the time of World War II, the Soviet economy had been industrialized to the point that the Soviets could resist the German invasion. That Stalin or his policies are to be credited for this is contended. Wikipedia.com || Leader Analysis Sheet <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Mao Zedong || December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976 || Title: || China || Years in Power March 20, 1943 – September 9, 1976 ( &0000000000000033000000 33 years, &0000000000000173000000 173 days) || (Book, World Civilization) || || (Wiki) || || Long-Term Effects communism || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Comparison Essay Outlines
 * Name of Leader:
 * Lifespan
 * Country/region:
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * First General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee.
 * Replaced the New Economic Policy; highly centralized command economy and Five-Year Plans, launching a period of rapid industrialization and economic collectivization in the countryside.
 * That leading the USSR transformed from a largely agrarian society into a great industrial power, and the basis was provided for its emergence as the world's second largest economy after World War II.
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Stalin desired the Soviet Union to be one of the most powerful countries in the world.
 * Stalin also believed that everything should be collectivized and owned by the government such as farms and crops.
 * Joseph Stalin believed strongly in socialism as he thought that it helps a country get better and more advanced. He took many actions to support socialism such as collectivizing all farms in the Five-Year Plan so the Soviet Union could catch up to all the other advanced countries in ten years.
 * Joseph Stalin introduced this Five-Year Plan to get the Soviet Union more advanced like other major countries. He believed the Soviet Union was behind all the major countries.
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power
 * Short-Term effects:
 * Name of Leader:
 * Lifespan
 * Country/region:
 * Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power
 * Communist leader in revolutionary China; advocated rural reform and role of peasantry in Nationalist revolution; influenced by Li Dazhao; led Communist reaction against Kuomintang purges in 1920s, culminating in Long March of 1934; seized control of all of mainland China by 1949; initiated Great Leap Forward in 1958.
 * Ideology, Motivation, Goals:
 * Zedong was the leader of the communist party in China. Once chairman of China; Zedong consolidated his power by suppressing counter-revolutions who were loyal to the nationalist party.
 * Zedong launched the first Five Year Plan in 1953; it increase China’s industry, because they were falling behind the industrial nations in the world. This first plan was a great success.
 * Significant Actions & events During Term of Power
 * Zedong then he launched the Hundred Flowers campaign (1956 to 1957) which allowed open criticism to the government. He believed he could make China a better place by hearing everyone's ideas. The criticisms went out of the range of 'healthy' and the government ended up executing many people. The second Five year plan was to have China overtake all the other nations this plan was a failure. Mao changed the way people viewed the world with the Cultural Revolution in 1966. He set standards for literature and anyone who stuck to traditional ideas was attacked by his faithful Red Guards. Basically, Mao was like a God during his era. He came from a peasant family and he believed he could change the nation with his communist beliefs.
 * Short-Term effects:

Thesis Statement: Both China and Russia were communist however as the years followed Russia transitioned into a liberal democracy and China continued to be under communist rule.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Essay 1: Compare 20th Century political developments in China and Russia. **

Topic Sentence #1: China and Russia had communist governments. Evidence of Topic Sentence that relates to thesis: Both Russian communist party and Chinese communist party in charge of nation. Direct Comparison(s) that supports your topic sentence: Both had similar goals and wanted to regulate peasant class and keep away from western influences Analysis of Direct Comparison: Rise in competition between the two nations.

Topic Sentence #2: Russia developed into a liberal democracy while China remained communistic. Evidence of Topic Sentence that relates to thesis: President Putin helped Russia break away from communist rule Direct Comparison(s) that supports your topic sentence: Russia became open minded and was prospering China maintained old beliefs and were left in harsh conditions Analysis of Direct Comparison: Russia saw what communism had done to the government and society and wanted to fix it and China didn’t

Thesis Statement: China and Russia both had major problems within the society. They had bad working conditions in the newly developed industries and used collectivization system. China focused on creating more rights for the women to be equal to men and Russia believed in women staying mainly at home.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Essay 2: Compare and Contrast 20th Social developments in China and Russia. Be sure to discuss the changing roles of women **

Topic Sentence #1: The conditions of the factories in both China and Russia were terrible. Evidence of Topic Sentence: The factories polluted the environment and harmed the health of the workers. Direct Comparison(s) that supports your topic sentence: Death rate increased and workers become unmotivated. Analysis of Direct Comparison: Production will decrease.

Topic Sentence #2: Collectivization was used to make profits off of agriculture in both China and Russia. Evidence of Topic Sentence: state run farms Direct Comparison(s) that supports your topic sentence: China and Russia used this system to boost the economy. Analysis of Direct Comparison: but they harmed the economy more

Topic Sentence #3: Women had different rights and obligations in both Russia and China. Evidence of Topic Sentence that relates to thesis: Jiang Qing of China helped end foot binding Direct Comparison(s) that supports your topic sentence: Women in China become equal to men while women in Russia stayed inferior Analysis of Direct Comparison: Russian women might rebel to gain rights that reflect equality